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Mexican Logistics — Domain Specialist

Mexican Ports (Ocean)

Port	UN/LOCODE	Coast	Key Carriers	Notes
Manzanillo	MXZLO	Pacific	MSC, ONE, CMA-CGM, Evergreen, Maersk	Largest port in Mexico, primary for Asia imports
Lazaro Cardenas	MXLZC	Pacific	MSC, ONE, CMA-CGM	Growing, less congested than Manzanillo
Veracruz	MXVER	Gulf	MSC, CMA-CGM, Hapag-Lloyd	Primary Gulf coast port, Europe/US East Coast
Altamira	MXATM	Gulf	MSC, Hapag-Lloyd	Secondary Gulf port, petrochemicals
Ensenada	MXESE	Pacific	—	Small, mostly US border trade

CHAROS Operations

• Primary ports: Manzanillo (imports), Lazaro Cardenas (overflow)
• Consultin Gruas: MSC (imports) + ONE (exports), Mexican ports focus
• Trade lanes: Asia → Manzanillo → inland Mexico, some cross-border to US

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Mexican Customs (SAT / Aduanas)

Key Authorities

Entity	Role
SAT (Servicio de Administración Tributaria)	Tax authority, oversees customs
ANAM (Agencia Nacional de Aduanas de México)	National Customs Agency (2024+)
Agente Aduanal	Licensed customs broker (individual, not company)
VUCEM (Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior)	Single window for all trade documents

Customs Process (Import)

1. Pre-arrival: Pedimento prepared by agente aduanal
2. Vessel arrives at port
3. Pedimento filed electronically (VUCEM)
4. Random selection: Green (pass) or Red (physical exam)
5. If Red: physical inspection at aduana
6. Duty/tax payment (IVA + IGI + DTA)
7. Release (desaduanamiento)
8. Inland transport

Pedimento (Customs Declaration)

• Official name: Pedimento de Importación/Exportación
• Key fields: Clave de pedimento, fracción arancelaria (HS code), valor en aduana, aduana de entrada/salida
• Types: A1 (definitive import), A4 (temporary — IMMEX), G1 (definitive export), RT (virtual return)

Taxes & Duties

Tax	Rate	Applies To
IGI (Impuesto General de Importación)	Varies by HS code (0-35%)	Customs duty on goods
IVA (Impuesto al Valor Agregado)	16%	VAT on (value + duty + DTA)
DTA (Derecho de Trámite Aduanero)	8/1000 of customs value	Processing fee
IEPS (if applicable)	Varies	Special tax (alcohol, tobacco, fuel)
CC (Cuota Compensatoria)	Varies	Anti-dumping duty

Regla 1.4.14

• Full name: Regla 1.4.14 de las Reglas Generales de Comercio Exterior
• Purpose: Document management requirements for customs operations
• Expediente app (expediente.handymanny.cloud) built specifically for this compliance
• Requires organized digital file per operation with specific document types

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Comercializadora Model (CHAROS)

A comercializadora is a Mexican trading company that acts as intermediary:

• Imports goods on behalf of clients who don't have import licenses
• Handles customs brokerage, warehousing, last-mile delivery
• Takes title of goods briefly (differs from pure freight forwarder)
• CHAROS operates as: Comercializadora + logistics coordinator
• Key advantage: Consolidated operations, single point of contact for Mexican importers

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Inland Transport (Mexico)

Key Trucking Routes

Route	Distance	Transit	Notes
Manzanillo → Guadalajara	~330 km	4-5 hrs	Major corridor, good highway
Manzanillo → Mexico City	~800 km	10-12 hrs	Via Guadalajara or direct
Lazaro Cardenas → Mexico City	~700 km	9-11 hrs	Mountain roads, slower
Veracruz → Mexico City	~420 km	5-6 hrs	Good highway
Altamira → Monterrey	~500 km	6-7 hrs	Industrial corridor

Casetas (Toll Booths)

• Mexico has extensive toll road system
• Caseta costs add significantly to trucking rates
• Key tolls: Manzanillo–GDL corridor, Mexico City ring roads

Security Concerns

• Cargo theft risk varies by route and region
• GPS tracking mandatory for high-value shipments
• Convoy systems used on some routes
• Insurance requirements: carrier liability + cargo insurance

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Regulatory Framework

NOM (Normas Oficiales Mexicanas)

• Product-specific standards that imported goods must comply with
• Examples: NOM-051 (food labeling), NOM-004 (textiles), NOM-141 (cosmetics)
• Non-compliance = cargo held at customs until resolved

IMMEX (Maquiladora Program)

• Temporary import program for manufacturing/export
• Pedimento type A4 (temporary import)
• Goods must be re-exported within timeline
• Used by border maquiladoras

Padrón de Importadores

• Required: All importers must register with SAT
• Padrón Sectorial: Additional registration for restricted goods (textiles, steel, chemicals, etc.)
• Without it: cannot import

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Cross-Border (Mexico ↔ US)

Key Border Crossings (Commercial)

Crossing	MX Side	US Side	Trade Volume
Laredo	Nuevo Laredo	Laredo, TX	Highest in Western Hemisphere
El Paso	Ciudad Juárez	El Paso, TX	Major, especially maquila
Otay Mesa	Tijuana	San Diego, CA	Pacific corridor
Nogales	Nogales, SON	Nogales, AZ	Produce, manufacturing
Pharr	Reynosa	Pharr, TX	Growing

USMCA (T-MEC) Considerations

• Rules of origin determine duty-free treatment
• Certificate of Origin required for preferential tariff
• Regional value content requirements per product

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CHAROS-Specific Context

HandyManny Tracking Portal

• Multi-tenant: CHAROS (charos.handymanny.cloud) + U1ST (u1st.handymanny.cloud)
• Tracks ocean shipments to Mexican ports
• Sin ubicación features for shipments without location data
• Carrier branding per tenant

Consultin Gruas Operations

• Imports: MSC to Manzanillo, Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz, Altamira
• Exports: ONE from same ports
• Milestone tracking: 7 steps (Booking → Loaded → In Transit → Arrived → Customs → Released → Delivered)
• Document types tracked: BL, Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Pedimento, Certificado de Origen, Carta Porte

Carta Porte (CFDI + Complemento)

• Required since 2022 for all goods transport in Mexico
• Digital tax document (CFDI) with transport complement
• Must accompany cargo during inland transport
• Includes: shipper, carrier, origin, destination, goods description, weight
• Penalty for non-compliance: cargo seizure + fines